![]() The graphic would be technically used in Saints Row 2, only appearing on directional signs rather than as a map icon which goes unused there, too.Īn earlier "undiscovered location" icon, originally used in the Demo.Ī placeholder graphic called "map_other_replaceme". The graphics can be restored if the clothing values are set to 2. There strangely exists one for the Third Street Saints, despite not having any Stronghold missions in the final.Ī third icon for clothing shops labelled as map_store_clothing_mid exist, implying that it was meant to be used for middle-class clothing outlets. Los Carnales icon was used in the demo, before being replaced with just the gang symbol in the final. Unused graphics exist for Stronghold Missions, listed as "map_start_stronghold_3ss", "map_start_stronghold_lc", "map_start_stronghold_vk", "map_start_stronghold_wr". This is likely intended as a small easter egg to Red Faction, another game developed by Volition.Īnother decal meant for Hughes' Yacht in the final mission of the game, that says "Hughes' Mistake".įound in the files for "linstrunk" during the "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do." cutscene is a decal for a spare tire in the trunk.įound in cellfont and cellfont is cellfont_nobdr, with the font used up to the Demo builds. They're labelled as "raceind_flagg", "raceind_flagr" and "raceind_checkr" respectively.Įrroneously placed in race-check2g of the preload_lower file rather then the peg file is a placeholder graphic saying "TEMP OBJECT".Īn intended decal for Hughes' Yacht in the final mission of the game, saying "Queen Ulrike". It resembles the trees seen in early another graphic.įound in race-start2g, race-start2r and race-check2r are unused textures that signify checkpoints, start and finish line in the Racing Activity. This National Treasure Edition includes the full original game as well as all its subsequently released DLC, including 29 extra missions, and new weapons, costumes, vehicles, homies, and superpowers.Found only in sr_chunk05_wh contains this odd placeholder or low-distance-looking tree called "tree-1" grouped in. The franchise's signature customization returns, giving players hundreds of different ways to individualize their characters, weapons, and vehicles, and multiplayer fans can once again join a friend for drop-in, drop-out co-op adventures. And instead of wresting control of the city away from rival factions, gamers perform missions to take control of portions of the simulation. ![]() But instead of fending off gangs and police, players do battle with a variety of different aliens, robots, and spaceships. Players can also make use of outlandish new weapons like a mechanized robot suit, the Black Hole Launcher, and the Dubstep Gun, which makes enemies dance while they are being shot.Ĭausing chaos in the virtual version of Steelport attracts attention, just as it did in the real version of the city in Saints Row: The Third. ![]() As gamers explore the city and collect hidden object "clusters" they can begin unlocking and upgrading a variety of super powers, such as telekinesis, super speed, concussive blasts, and force fields. ![]() The simulated version of Steelport is designed to break the will of the captive cabinet, which includes several members of rival gangs and even actor Keith David as vice president, but the virtual nature of the city also allows players to operate outside the bounds of physics. Unfortunately, the planet is then invaded by the Zin race and their supreme overlord Zinyak, who abducts the cabinet and places them into a virtual version of the city Steelport. Set five years after the events of Saints Row: The Third, Saints Row IV once again puts players in charge of the leader of the Third Street Saints Gang, who has now been elected president of the United States. Volition's over-the-top action-adventure series takes a sharp turn by adding aliens, super powers, and presidential politics to its mix of gang-banging, car theft, and general criminal mischief. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Leading whitespace (spaces and tabs) at the beginning of a logical line is used Whitespace or a comment) terminates a multi-line statement. Interpreter, an entirely blank logical line (i.e. Implementation of the read-eval-print loop. Input of statements, handling of a blank line may differ depending on the Blank lines ¶Ī logical line that contains only spaces, tabs, formfeeds and possibly aĬomment, is ignored (i.e., no NEWLINE token is generated). ImplicitlyĬontinued lines can also occur within triple-quoted strings (see below) in thatĬase they cannot carry comments. There is no NEWLINE token between implicit continuation lines. The indentation of theĬontinuation lines is not important. Implicitly continued lines can carry comments. The recommended forms of an encoding expression are If it is the second line, the first line must also be a comment-only line. The encoding declaration must appear on a line of its Regular expression coding\s*( ), this comment is processed as anĮncoding declaration the first group of this expression names the encoding of If a comment in the first or second line of the Python script matches the Of the logical line unless the implicit line joining rules are invoked. Literal, and ends at the end of the physical line. Comments ¶Ī comment starts with a hash character ( #) that is not part of a string Representing ASCII LF, is the line terminator). The standard C conventions for newline characters (the \n character, When embedding Python, source code strings should be passed to Python APIs using ![]() The end of input also servesĪs an implicit terminator for the final physical line. All of theseįorms can be used equally, regardless of platform. Or the old Macintosh form using the ASCII CR (return) character. The Windows form using the ASCII sequence CR LF (return followed by linefeed), Termination sequences can be used - the Unix form using ASCII LF (linefeed), In source files and strings, any of the standard platform line Physical lines ¶Ī physical line is a sequence of characters terminated by an end-of-line A logical line isĬonstructed from one or more physical lines by following the explicit or Syntax (e.g., between statements in compound statements). StatementsĬannot cross logical line boundaries except where NEWLINE is allowed by the The end of a logical line is represented by the token NEWLINE. If the source file cannot be decoded, a Synta圎rror isĪ Python program is divided into a number of logical lines. Python reads program text as Unicode code points the encoding of a source fileĬan be given by an encoding declaration and defaults to UTF-8, see PEP 3120įor details. Lexical analyzer breaks a file into tokens. Tokens, generated by the lexical analyzer. ![]() ![]() Table Two of the complete html document lists every ship that is currently built and undergoing testing on the Freeworlds test realms.Now here is something for all our space fans. These ships have been taken from across the star wars time line and expanded universes, including ships that can be seen from as earlier as Knights of the Old Republic and through the six movies (including designs from the latest Episode III) and beyond. Yep, 270 ships, including new capital ships. Table One in the complete html document shows details of each system and the bases that lie within each one. These 16 systems also include the sum of 114 bases between them, each one with their own NPC populations and place within the economy of the mod. With 1.66, Aldebaran and Jong have both come forward with several new NPC models to add more variety to the NPC's you will meet on the stations and planets.īringing the total number of systems upto 16. Previous Freeworlds version already included new NPC designs like Storm Troopers and Mandalorian Armour. However, you can be sure that many of the scenes if not all of them will be fresh and new.Ĭreated to populate the bars. At this moment in development, we are hoping to replace all such scenes by 1.66's release, though that will be some task to complete, so it is no guarantees. Many off the landing, bar and dock sequences have been replaced with new scenes more appropriate to the Star Wars universe and replacing the original Freelancers scenes. Here is some images of some of the stations that you will see in 1.66: No two stations are alike in Freeworlds 1.66. ![]() ![]() This has enabled the mod to not only remove every Freelancer station model from the mod, but also to make each one unique. Here is just some of the changes that will be included in 1.66 and are either already implemented in the test mods or undergoing testing:Įvery space station has been replaced with their own unqiue design.Īll the original Freelancer stations have been removed and replaced with Aldebaran's Modular Station Project. For one, you will find that the term total conversion has now been applied to include a number of additional things that previous 'total conversions' have left untouched. The current make up of Freeworlds 1.65 includes approximately 100 star wars based ship designs, 11 star systems, various star wars related commodities and custom intro animations on the title screen (plus much more than regular players will be aware off).ġ.66 is a dramatic change from 1.65 in a number of aspects. Custom factions have been added to the game, replacing the original Freelancer ones, so you will see New Republic Navy and Imperial Naval NPC's flying around in X-Wings and Tie-Fighters. Some people feel that previous Freeworlds versions have also been lacking in their numbers of new systems added to the mod, though the truth is, each system has been delicately built and balanced, hand crafted and coded to ensure that it as stable as one can make the files associated with each system. The number of ships has continued to increase as more and more content was added into the game. The current version of Freeworlds (version 1.65) has grown over the years with the input of many great coders and fan related feed back. With Freeworlds, we have taken this term very seriousily and believe that with 1.66, we will have achieved the most true sense of the word total conversion, changing possibly more stuff within the game design than any previous mod. This normally means replacing all the ship designs, system designs and weapon configurations to best suit what the mod is about. It essentially means changing as much as possible from the original Freelancer over to what the mod represents. Total conversion is a term that comes up every now and then in Freelancer mods. However, it should be noted that Freeworlds is designed primarily for Multi-Player use, so it is better tailored towards that enviroment. At the moment, plans are in progress to release an Open Single Player version of the new Freeworlds 1.66 when it is complete along with the normal Multi-Player Only Version. ![]() Freeworlds was the answer to this outcry and work began quickly on developing the first versions of Freeworlds.įreeworlds has always traditionally been a Multi-Player Only mod, though a rare and hard to find Open Single Player version has been in circulation of the latest Freeworlds 1.65 version. When fans began to make mods for Freelancer, one of the many things people were keen on seeing was a Freelancer mod based on the Star Wars universe developed by George Lucas. Freeworlds is a fan built total conversion mod for Digital Anvil's Freelancer game that was released several years ago. ![]() ![]() ![]() The latest Tweets from Yu-Gi-Oh! A Skill Ticket, for players who manage to complete 5 PvP Duels between now and November 30 this year, regardless of victory or defeat, but without surrendering or. it says any damage, that includes battle damage too. The side deck has cards you can interchange with Drowning Mirror Force to your preference. world which allows players to duel it out in fast paced card battles. Since Duel Links follows OCG rules, this kind of things happens. ![]() It also works when the level requirements say "banish two enemy monsters with your card effects". Available on Steam and mobile devices, Yu-Gi-Oh! 77.28 MB. ・Beginner's Guide Yami Bakura's Destiny Board event turned the sky into Dark Sanctuary, covering it in red. Duel Links, fast, free and saving internet data.! Galaxy-Eyes Photon Dragon. The best Structure decks in Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links - Dot Esports Yu-Gi-Oh! Prepare yourself for some sweet Duels! Slifer the Sky Dragon. Skill Chips for Yu-Gi-Oh! Duelit - a Yu-Gi-Oh Duel Links farming Bot Notify in chat to turn on notifications and not miss lives. This is full list of cards and how to obtain them from Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links Best Decks of 2020! Close. Download Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links latest 6.2.0 Android APK „Yu-Gi-Oh!" ist jetzt als mobile App für unterwegs erhältlich! 8. Jederzeit und überall! Duel online and aim for the top of "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links is a free-to-play, digital collectible card game developed by Konami for Microsoft Windows, iOS and Android devices, based on the trading card game of the same name. Become the best Duelist in the world! Scheduled Maintenance. Yu-Gi-Oh! DUEL LINKS | Tonamel Like Renan Sparrow page so you don't miss lives. While Boxes come with advantages, Structure Decks can be very. Yu-Gi-Oh! A 1-time gift of 500 Gems for each player who logs in between today (November 4) and December 31 this year. Bereite dich auf spannende Duelle vor! Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links: 7 Best Boxes To Buy (& 7 To Avoid) Simple Duel Links Red-Eyes Deck. Advertisement: Dueling or defeating Ishizu or Odion as Yami Marik will make you feel horrible for winning, as they blame themselves over not being able to save Marik. Cards | Yu Gi Oh Duel Links Wiki | GamerHub Hallowed Life Barrier (Broken Effect) Protects monsters from being destroyed by battle dispite not being written on the card or being a part of the TCG rules. I have compiled a list of the best decks and the best way to use them. Duel Links are the Duel School quizzes, which put duelists in scenarios to win in one turn to teach them how to use certain strategies. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links on Steam He can also be dueled in Tag Duel Tournament and Duel Island: -Gladiator. Duel Links was introduced to the world in 2016, and during its history, many metagames have come and gone.With new cards added every month, Duel Links' metagame is constantly changing, having gone from a slow game to often just as fast as the Yu-Gi-Oh! Activate Inferno Tempest, banish between 16 and 12 cards a round. ![]() ![]() ![]() if you know the name of that application window GroupAdd, ontop, Sticky Notes you can replace sticky note by any application, exe which enables you to share it with your other friends too: #SingleInstance Force ahk file, you can also see option of Compiling. ahk if you already had installed autohotkey on your computer). ![]() ahk file (you can copy these codes to a simple notepad and then change. Below scripts are an instance of making sticky notes always on top when you execute it inside a. autohotkey is a powerful free scripting language for automation in windows that you can download from here. I had the same problem and found a solution via using "autohotkey". Also force the z order to ensure the window is always on bottom Set the flags to prevent this and "survive" to the desktop toggle Show desktop (Windows + D) results in the window moved to -32000, -32000 and size changed Indeed, calling SetWindowPos to force it in the WM_SIZE event when dragging the window over, as I was doing previously, causes some flickering on the window when resizing it, whereas no flickering occurs when setting directly the hwndInsertAfter property of the WINDOWPOS structure in WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING. So as a final result, to achieve the wanted behaviour (i.e always behind every other window but always in front of the desktop), the only needed code to add to the doc's sample is the following, placed in the window procedure WindowProc's switch statement :ĮDIT : the best place to force the Z order with HWND_BOTTOM thus ensuring the window is always on bottom is also in the WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING event. To prevent this movement, just set the flags SWP_NOMOVE and SWP_NOSIZE on the WINDOWPOS structure passed in the lParam ![]() Also noticed the same issue when using the ex style WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW (as this one gets rid of the minimize box, even if you set the style flag WS_MINIMIZEBOX).ĭidn't find a solution for that case, so I'm sticking to an overlapped window. Thus, no -32 000 coordinates detection in that case. NOTE : a window without the style WS_MINIMIZEBOX seems not receiving WINDOWPOSCHANGING event when hitting Windows + D. Disable Minimize, Maximize, Close buttons in Win32 I tried those to "intercept" the Show Desktop event but it seems this event doesn't get fired with the Show Desktop action.Īs pointed out, when hitting Windows + D or the Show Desktop button, the event WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING gets fired, and the window gets moved to -32 000, -32 000 (its size also gets changed).Make aplication always on Bottom (pinned to desktop, behind all other apps) in C++/WinAPI.However, my app isn't visible at all anymore with this, even though the FindWindow didn't return NULL but an actual handle. HWND desktop = FindWindow(L"ProgMan", L"Program Manager") Window “on desktop” : Note on this one, I tried the trick with SetParent like this in the wWinMain.I checked out those answers but couldn't figure out how to achieve what I want. Not ideal though, as I'd really want my app to always remain in front of the desktop and "survive" to the Show Desktop action. I could do this using this time the event WM_SIZE and calling ShowWindow then SetWindowPos, still in the WindowProc A not-satisfying-enough-but-still-something I managed to do is to bring back my window in front of the desktop when clicking on any other window after hitting Windows + D (this mostly makes sense with multiple monitors, as opening a random app on the first one for example, will toggle back my own app in front of the desktop on another screen).As I often use this shortcut myself, I'd like my window to stay over the desktop no matter what. The problem : my window stays in front of the desktop, except when I click on the "Show Desktop" button in the taskbar (or hit the Windows + D shortcut).SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_BOTTOM, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE) I managed to keep my window on bottom of every other app and in front of the desktop by calling SetWindowPos in the window procedure ( WindowProc), when handling the event WM_SETFOCUS (I first tried with the event WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING as suggested in this answer but this resulted in an annoying flickering when dragging the window).I started with the sample code from the Get Started with Win32 and C++ docs to have the most basic Win32 minimal window setup. The behaviour I'm aiming for would be similar to Stardock Fences ("kind of" because I'm not going to store any desktop icon in there, but you hopefully get the idea) Really a personal project there, just to fight my bad memory and have my tasks/notes always visible on the desktop so I couldn't miss them when starting the computer & so on. My goal right now is to create a basic "sticky note" app that would be pinned / glued to the desktop, i.e always in front of the desktop but always behind of any other application. I'm working on a basic desktop app in C++ / Win32. ![]() ![]() ![]() Vectornator is a vector graphics design tool that will allow you to digitally create anything, depending on how far you’re willing to push your imagination. If you click an affiliate link and subsequently make a purchase, we will earn a small commission at no additional cost to you (you pay nothing extra). Important disclosure: we're proud affiliates of some tools mentioned in this guide. Who knows what we’ll find inside! (Random) As Dustin from 'Stranger Things' has said: “Why are you keeping this curiosity door locked?” Also, don't forget to check the article that covers another set of graphic design software that you can use from your PC. ![]() ![]() You’ll hopefully be able to discover something that can inspire you and/or perhaps having the possibility to be integrated into your already existing arsenal of graphic design apps. They all offer something unique while addressing certain design functions for enthusiasts and professionals alike. The apps that we’re going to cover in this piece are some of the best design tools that the iPad has to offer and will all help you to create high-quality designs in no time. Now, five years have passed and what we currently have are some really awesome, innovative, and uniquely designed apps that developers have had enough time to really work on, finding the best ways to utilize the combination of both generations of the Apple Pencil with the iPad. Since the introduction of the Apple Pencil in 2015, almost overnight the iPad went from being just a cool tablet to a designer powerhouse tool with many amazing graphic design apps to accommodate the newly introduced stylus, to follow. ![]() ![]() Only one ballista, so the chances of success weren’t great, but Kroft was going to man it and do the best she could to take out Zareem’s wings so he would be forced to land. Taking the party up to the roof of the militia barracks, Kroft revealed that the town’s defenses had a ballista. That required getting Zareem to land where the mostly melee party could engage him though, but even here Kroft had a plan. Mainly, she wanted the party to deal with the dragon, as Zareem was going to be a serious threat to the low-level warriors of the miltia who would pretty much just piss themselves and run away for 5d4 rounds after he showed his face. ![]() The party actually helped with that last bit a little, as Rholand did his usual “yell at the stubborn NPCs until they behave themselves out of shame” diplomacy with Vaz’em snarking from the sidelines (I guess being dead, and soon to be dead again, Cid wasn’t feeling up to joining in the snark fest at that moment).ĭespite the relatively meager defenses (compared to an army of ogres, owlbears, and manticores anyway) Kroft seemed confident that they could hold the town with the party’s help. Which admittedly wasn’t very much, about thirty low-level warriors, the Horsemen of Harse, and a dozen Grey Maidens that wanted to leave rather than stay and defend the town. Apparently Kroft had gotten her drunk head out of her self-hating ass long enough to rally what defenses the town had available. They returned to find the town militia manning the walls and prepared for war. ![]() So the party got back to Harse to find that they had managed to get ahead of Zareem’s army and beat it back to town – barely, but a small party weaving through the woods would certainly make better time than an army plowing its own path. I considered having the devil army attacking poor Harse at the same time as Zareem’s new raiding band for maximum chaos, but I was still struggling to put together the Battle of Harse anyway, so that idea got tabled in favor of a lingering threat. So Eurydice’s interference and Cid’s temporary resurrection thanks to Hazmarduk bought them a little breathing room. And since the devils could just teleport back to Korvosa and chat with their bosses, Cid dying and coming back to life only bought them a little bit of time as the army started heading back to Korvosa before they were alerted that Cid’s souls was not safely imprisoned in their little demi-plane Belzeragna. But Cid was being hunted by an army of devils, which they caught a couple glimpses of now and again, which was being led by a Retriever named Zarix (so they could run but couldn’t hide). UnArcaneElection – There wasn’t really a time limit on Eurydice’s (her name I picked partially be accident, but heh, it turned out to be extremely appropriate given who Eurydice is in mythology) offer. Okiba – Perhaps you should have hired those adventurers to keep me here, hahaha! Sounds like you had at least some fun with the Wrath of the Righteous AP, which is more than a lot of DMs can say. In addition, hopefully I will have more time to divert to writing up session logs, so we can start closing that gap which is roughly a full year (50+) of sessions! Even more importantly, with most of the secrets and mysteries of the campaign laid bare (except for what’s waiting for them in Scarwall – shhh, don’t spoil the surprise!), I have decided to allow my players access to this forum thread! So now, with any luck, you will get to hear directly from them how I made them scream (probably in frustration for the most part > ![]() It’s been a very convoluted, meandering road to get here, but I’ll have finally done it!Īs a result of reaching book five, I will be taking another break while Oliver’s player runs us through a second 4E game – and this time it’s actually a planned break! That should allow me plenty of free time to prepare the dark dungeon citadel of Scarwall in preparation for our poor bastards, er, intrepid heroes. :p But I *do* have something very good to report! Next session will mark the very last session of Book Four, after something like two years running it (which includes the several month hiatus I took). Good news everyone! I’m back, and I’m back with some very exciting updates! No, no promises that I won’t up and disappear for months at a time again – I know better than to not promise that. ![]() ![]() ![]() Ability, an Inovalon company, is an information technology company focused on simplifying the administrative and clinical complexity of the revenue cycle for providers and payers. This list is not a ranking or rating, and companies are listed in alphabetical order.Ībility Network (Minneapolis). If you would like to add a revenue cycle management company to this list, contact Jack Burns at Laura Dyrda at Revenue cycle companies do not and cannot pay for inclusion on this list. Here are more than 260 companies with revenue cycle management solutions in the healthcare space. Hospitals, health systems, physician practices and healthcare organizations are experiencing increasingly complex revenue cycles, working with government and private payers as well as patients to collect. 60 hospitals and health systems with great oncology programs headed into 2023.100 of the largest hospitals and health systems in America | 2023.50 hospitals and health systems with great orthopedic programs headed into 2023.Hospitals and Health Systems with Great Heart Programs.Hospitals and Health Systems with Great Neurosurgery and Spine Programs.Revenue Cycle Management Companies in Healthcare to Know.Past Issues - Becker's Clinical Leadership & Infection Control.Current Issue - Becker's Clinical Leadership & Infection Control.Becker's Cardiology + Heart Surgery Podcast.Becker's Ambulatory Surgery Centers Podcast. ![]() Becker’s Digital Health + Health IT Podcast.Conference Reviewers: Request for More Information.29th Annual Meeting - The Business & Operations of ASCs.8th Annual Health IT + Digital Health + RCM Conference.20th Annual Spine, Orthopedic & Pain Management-Driven ASC Conference.Clinical Leadership & Infection Control. ![]() ![]() ![]() It should include a card onscreen with your full name (or the Me, or uploaded to sites like YouTube or Vimeo and accessible to everyone. The footage can either be transferred to DVD and sent to Started, along with the Difficulty switch settings and what game variation is being used (unless this can be ascertained by watching the video). The footage also must show the game being powered up and Video recorded and include complete footage the game, the system, controller(s),Īnd cartridge. HereĪnd Activision on how best to photograph the screen. Photographs of the screen (AKA screenshots) are acceptable proof.The focus here is on high scores, not physical endurance records.Īuto-firing (either with 3rd-party controllers or add-on devices) is allowed. Pausing is allowed, either with a hardware mod or a game software feature.Nobody can assist you with playing the game (i.e.Point-pressing (AKA leeching) is allowed, but no exploiting glitches or scoring anomalies.one that rapidly switches back-and-forth the left+right directions for games like Custom controllers are allowed, as long as they don't alter or modify the directional controls (i.e.Labeled incorrectly! The 'A' settings are actually 'B', and vice-versa.Ĭonsoles allowed! RAM is mapped to different locations.Ĥ No emulator-based systems like the Retron 77 or Flashbacks allowed! NOTE: The Difficulty switches on the Gemini are System Changer and Coleco's Colecovision Expansion Module and Gemini console are also allowed. Or variants (5200 VCS Cartridge Adaptor, 2600"JR"). No Cuttle Carts or Krokodile carts, or similar devicesĬONSOLES: The game must be played on an original Atari-made NTSC VCS/2600 console Menu), Harmony, Harmony Encore, and UnoCart-2600 no pirate knockoffs of theseĭevices allowed. With a custom (EPROM-based) cartridge, modified Supercharger, multi-carts (using either DIP switches or onscreen Only ROMs of original games (no hacks) or latest version of prototypes for use No (released) pirate versions (unless the original The requirements (subject to change) are:ĬARTRIDGES: Only original cartridges. All scores are NTSC at default settings, set on original consoles, unless noted. This is a compilation of top VCS scores from various sources. ![]() ![]() ![]() Students will analyze the creation of the German Empire as constructed "from above" by Prussian leadership through political institutions, economic interest, diplomacy, and war and the consequences of this for political, religious, and nationalistic opponents of German unification.Students will be able to explain the sources of German nationalism-including cultural, intellectual, religious, political, and social-and to describe the tensions between nationalism as cultural or linguistic "sameness," e.g., "German," and nationalism as defined by loyalty to a national political institution, e.g., "Germany.".The numerable challenges to German unification meant that, as one prominent historian of Germany observed, the making of Germany was only slightly less difficult than the making of Germans. And finally, the "makers" of Germany had to contend with foreign powers, especially Russia, France, and the Austrian Empire, all of whom had much to gain and lose with the emergence of a new central European power, necessitating the use of both skillful diplomacy and military aggression. ![]() ![]() Moreover, the creation of the German Empire necessitated that various political and socio-economic interests either were suppressed or incorporated into the broader national structure. Although those living in the states that became part of the German Empire largely shared a common linguistic (German) and religious (Protestant) bond, the borders of the new empire included millions who identified neither with German language and culture (French, Danes, and Poles) nor with the dominant religion (Catholics and Jews). Nor was it by any means inevitable that the more than 100 independent German principalities, kingdoms, free cities, and archbishoprics would coalesce under Prussian leadership into a unified, modern, national political entity. Germany only unified as recently as 1871, when Wilhelm I became the leader of the German Empire following the Franco-Prussian War. The post Cold War reunification of Germany in 1990 seemed such a natural consequence of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe that it is easy to forget that Germany had a fairly brief life span as a unified nation-state. ![]() |
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